“Amazon’s Healthcare Revolution: Disrupting the Pharmacy Giants.”
Introduction
Amazon’s new healthcare strategy is poised to significantly disrupt the traditional pharmacy and healthcare landscape, presenting a formidable challenge to established players like Walgreens and CVS. By leveraging its vast technological infrastructure, extensive distribution network, and customer-centric approach, Amazon is making strategic moves into the healthcare sector, including the acquisition of online pharmacy PillPack and the launch of Amazon Pharmacy. These initiatives aim to streamline the prescription medication process, offering consumers greater convenience and competitive pricing. Additionally, Amazon’s potential integration of telehealth services and health-related devices could further enhance its healthcare offerings, drawing customers away from conventional pharmacy chains. As Amazon continues to expand its footprint in healthcare, Walgreens and CVS may need to innovate and adapt rapidly to maintain their market positions and meet evolving consumer expectations.
Amazon’s Entry into Healthcare: A Game Changer for the Industry
Amazon’s recent foray into the healthcare sector marks a significant shift in the industry landscape, posing a formidable challenge to established players like Walgreens and CVS. This strategic move by Amazon is not merely an expansion of its business portfolio but a calculated effort to leverage its technological prowess and vast logistical network to revolutionize healthcare delivery. As the company continues to diversify its operations, its entry into healthcare is poised to disrupt traditional models, offering consumers more accessible and cost-effective solutions.
To understand the potential impact of Amazon’s healthcare strategy, it is essential to consider the company’s existing strengths. Amazon’s extensive experience in e-commerce and logistics provides a solid foundation for efficient distribution and delivery of healthcare products and services. By integrating these capabilities with its advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence technologies, Amazon can offer personalized healthcare solutions that cater to individual needs. This approach not only enhances customer experience but also streamlines operations, reducing costs and improving efficiency.
Moreover, Amazon’s acquisition of PillPack in 2018 signaled its intent to enter the pharmaceutical space, providing a foothold in the prescription drug market. PillPack’s innovative model of pre-sorted medication delivery aligns with Amazon’s commitment to convenience and customer-centric services. By expanding this model, Amazon can potentially capture a significant share of the prescription drug market, challenging the dominance of traditional pharmacy chains like Walgreens and CVS. Furthermore, Amazon’s ability to negotiate directly with drug manufacturers could lead to lower prices for consumers, intensifying competition in the sector.
In addition to pharmaceuticals, Amazon’s healthcare strategy encompasses telehealth services, a rapidly growing segment accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The launch of Amazon Care, a virtual healthcare service, exemplifies the company’s ambition to provide comprehensive healthcare solutions. By offering telehealth consultations, in-home visits, and prescription delivery, Amazon Care presents a holistic approach to healthcare that aligns with modern consumer preferences for convenience and accessibility. This integrated model not only enhances patient engagement but also addresses the challenges of healthcare accessibility, particularly in underserved areas.
The implications of Amazon’s entry into healthcare extend beyond its immediate competitors. The company’s focus on innovation and technology-driven solutions could catalyze broader industry changes, prompting other players to adopt similar strategies. As Amazon continues to invest in healthcare technology, it may drive advancements in areas such as electronic health records, wearable health devices, and predictive analytics. These developments have the potential to transform patient care, enabling more proactive and personalized treatment plans.
However, Amazon’s healthcare ambitions are not without challenges. The industry is heavily regulated, and navigating the complex landscape of healthcare laws and regulations requires careful consideration. Additionally, building trust with consumers in a sector where privacy and data security are paramount is crucial for success. Despite these hurdles, Amazon’s track record of overcoming obstacles in other industries suggests that it is well-equipped to address these challenges.
In conclusion, Amazon’s entry into the healthcare sector represents a game-changing development with far-reaching implications. By leveraging its technological capabilities and customer-centric approach, Amazon is poised to disrupt traditional healthcare models, challenging established players like Walgreens and CVS. As the company continues to innovate and expand its healthcare offerings, it has the potential to reshape the industry, ultimately benefiting consumers through improved access, affordability, and quality of care.
How Amazon’s Healthcare Strategy Challenges Traditional Pharmacies
Amazon’s foray into the healthcare sector has been a topic of considerable interest and speculation, particularly as it poses a significant challenge to traditional pharmacy giants like Walgreens and CVS. The e-commerce behemoth’s strategy is multifaceted, leveraging its vast technological infrastructure, logistical prowess, and customer-centric approach to disrupt the conventional pharmacy model. This strategic move is not merely an expansion of Amazon’s business portfolio but a calculated effort to redefine how healthcare services are delivered and consumed.
At the core of Amazon’s healthcare strategy is its acquisition of PillPack in 2018, which marked the company’s initial step into the pharmacy business. PillPack, a full-service online pharmacy, offers pre-sorted doses of medications delivered directly to customers’ doors, a convenience that aligns perfectly with Amazon’s commitment to customer satisfaction. This acquisition allowed Amazon to gain a foothold in the pharmaceutical distribution network, providing a platform to expand its services further. By integrating PillPack’s capabilities with its own, Amazon has been able to streamline the prescription fulfillment process, offering a seamless experience that traditional pharmacies struggle to match.
Moreover, Amazon’s introduction of Amazon Pharmacy in 2020 further solidified its position in the healthcare market. This service allows customers to order prescription medications online, with the added benefit of using their Amazon Prime membership for discounts. The integration of Amazon Pharmacy with the broader Amazon ecosystem provides a level of convenience and accessibility that is difficult for brick-and-mortar pharmacies to replicate. The ability to manage prescriptions through a familiar and user-friendly interface, coupled with competitive pricing, presents a compelling alternative to traditional pharmacy services.
In addition to its pharmacy services, Amazon’s healthcare strategy includes the development of telehealth services through Amazon Care. Initially launched for its employees, Amazon Care offers virtual healthcare consultations and in-person follow-ups, blending digital convenience with necessary physical care. This service exemplifies Amazon’s broader vision of a holistic healthcare solution that extends beyond mere medication delivery. By offering a comprehensive suite of healthcare services, Amazon is positioning itself as a one-stop-shop for health-related needs, challenging the fragmented approach of traditional pharmacies.
Furthermore, Amazon’s extensive data analytics capabilities provide a significant advantage in personalizing healthcare services. By leveraging data from its vast customer base, Amazon can offer tailored health recommendations and interventions, enhancing the overall customer experience. This data-driven approach not only improves service delivery but also fosters customer loyalty, a critical factor in the competitive healthcare market.
The implications of Amazon’s healthcare strategy for traditional pharmacies like Walgreens and CVS are profound. These established players must now contend with a competitor that excels in efficiency, customer service, and technological innovation. To remain competitive, Walgreens and CVS may need to rethink their business models, potentially investing in digital transformation and exploring partnerships to enhance their service offerings. The pressure to innovate is further compounded by Amazon’s ability to undercut prices, a strategy that has disrupted numerous industries in the past.
In conclusion, Amazon’s entry into the healthcare sector represents a formidable challenge to traditional pharmacies. By leveraging its strengths in technology, logistics, and customer service, Amazon is poised to reshape the healthcare landscape. As the company continues to expand its healthcare offerings, Walgreens and CVS must adapt to this new reality or risk losing their market share to a more agile and innovative competitor. The evolution of Amazon’s healthcare strategy will undoubtedly be a critical development to watch in the coming years, as it has the potential to redefine how healthcare services are accessed and delivered.
The Impact of Amazon’s Healthcare Innovations on Walgreens and CVS
Amazon’s foray into the healthcare sector has been a topic of considerable interest and speculation, particularly regarding its potential impact on established pharmacy giants like Walgreens and CVS. As Amazon continues to expand its healthcare offerings, it is becoming increasingly clear that its innovative strategies could pose a significant threat to these traditional players. The e-commerce behemoth’s approach to healthcare is multifaceted, encompassing everything from online pharmacy services to telehealth and even potential inroads into primary care. This comprehensive strategy is designed to leverage Amazon’s existing strengths in logistics, technology, and customer service, thereby creating a formidable competitor in the healthcare market.
One of the most significant aspects of Amazon’s healthcare strategy is its acquisition of PillPack in 2018, which marked its official entry into the pharmacy business. PillPack’s model of delivering pre-sorted medications directly to consumers’ doors aligns perfectly with Amazon’s logistical prowess, offering a level of convenience that is difficult for traditional pharmacies to match. This move has already begun to disrupt the pharmacy landscape, as consumers increasingly seek out more convenient and cost-effective ways to manage their prescriptions. Furthermore, Amazon Pharmacy, launched in 2020, allows customers to order prescription medications online, often at lower prices than those offered by brick-and-mortar pharmacies. This price competitiveness, combined with the convenience of home delivery, poses a direct challenge to Walgreens and CVS, which have long relied on their extensive physical networks to attract customers.
In addition to its pharmacy services, Amazon’s investment in telehealth through Amazon Care represents another potential disruptor for Walgreens and CVS. Telehealth has gained significant traction, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, as patients and providers alike have recognized the benefits of remote consultations. Amazon Care offers virtual healthcare services, including consultations with healthcare professionals via video calls, which could reduce the need for in-person visits to traditional pharmacies and clinics. This shift towards digital healthcare solutions is likely to appeal to tech-savvy consumers who value convenience and efficiency, further eroding the customer base of established pharmacy chains.
Moreover, Amazon’s potential entry into primary care could further intensify the competition. Reports suggest that Amazon is exploring ways to integrate primary care services into its healthcare offerings, potentially through partnerships or acquisitions. If successful, this move could provide Amazon with a comprehensive healthcare ecosystem that rivals the services offered by Walgreens and CVS. By offering a seamless experience that combines pharmacy services, telehealth, and primary care, Amazon could attract a significant portion of the healthcare market, particularly among younger consumers who are more inclined to embrace digital solutions.
While Walgreens and CVS have taken steps to adapt to the changing landscape, such as expanding their own digital health services and forming strategic partnerships, the scale and scope of Amazon’s operations present a formidable challenge. The traditional pharmacy chains must innovate rapidly to maintain their market share and relevance in an increasingly digital world. As Amazon continues to refine and expand its healthcare offerings, the pressure on Walgreens and CVS to evolve will only intensify. In conclusion, Amazon’s new healthcare strategy, characterized by its focus on convenience, cost-effectiveness, and comprehensive service offerings, poses a significant threat to traditional pharmacy giants. The coming years will be crucial for Walgreens and CVS as they navigate this evolving landscape and strive to compete with Amazon’s disruptive innovations.
Amazon’s Disruptive Approach to Healthcare: What It Means for Competitors
Amazon’s recent foray into the healthcare sector has sent ripples through the industry, signaling a potential shift in how healthcare services are delivered and accessed. This move poses a significant threat to established pharmacy giants like Walgreens and CVS, which have long dominated the market. By leveraging its vast technological resources and consumer-centric approach, Amazon is poised to disrupt traditional healthcare models, challenging competitors to rethink their strategies.
The e-commerce behemoth’s entry into healthcare is not entirely unexpected. Over the past few years, Amazon has been steadily building its healthcare capabilities, starting with the acquisition of online pharmacy PillPack in 2018. This acquisition laid the groundwork for Amazon Pharmacy, which offers prescription medications delivered directly to consumers’ doors. By integrating this service with its existing Prime membership, Amazon has created a seamless experience for users, combining convenience with competitive pricing. This model directly challenges the brick-and-mortar operations of Walgreens and CVS, which rely heavily on foot traffic and in-store purchases.
Moreover, Amazon’s healthcare strategy extends beyond just pharmacy services. The company has been investing in telehealth through its Amazon Care initiative, which provides virtual healthcare consultations and in-person services in select locations. This approach aligns with the growing trend of telemedicine, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as patients increasingly seek remote healthcare solutions. By offering a comprehensive suite of services, Amazon is positioning itself as a one-stop-shop for healthcare needs, further encroaching on the territory traditionally held by Walgreens and CVS.
In addition to its consumer-facing services, Amazon is also making strides in the business-to-business healthcare market. The launch of Amazon Web Services (AWS) for Health demonstrates the company’s commitment to providing cloud-based solutions for healthcare providers, payers, and researchers. This platform offers a range of services, including data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, aimed at improving patient outcomes and operational efficiency. By tapping into its technological expertise, Amazon is not only enhancing its own healthcare offerings but also enabling other organizations to innovate and improve their services.
The implications of Amazon’s healthcare strategy for Walgreens and CVS are profound. These traditional pharmacy chains must now contend with a competitor that has unparalleled resources and a proven track record of disrupting industries. To remain competitive, Walgreens and CVS will need to adapt quickly, potentially by expanding their own digital and telehealth services, enhancing customer experiences, and exploring strategic partnerships or acquisitions.
Furthermore, Amazon’s entry into healthcare raises questions about data privacy and security. As the company amasses vast amounts of sensitive health information, it will need to navigate complex regulatory landscapes and address consumer concerns about data protection. This aspect presents both a challenge and an opportunity for Amazon, as it seeks to build trust with consumers and stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem.
In conclusion, Amazon’s disruptive approach to healthcare is reshaping the industry landscape, posing a formidable challenge to established players like Walgreens and CVS. By leveraging its technological prowess and consumer-focused model, Amazon is well-positioned to capture a significant share of the healthcare market. As the company continues to expand its offerings and refine its strategy, competitors will need to innovate and adapt to maintain their relevance in this rapidly evolving sector. The coming years will undoubtedly be pivotal in determining the future dynamics of the healthcare industry, as Amazon’s influence continues to grow.
The Future of Pharmacy: Amazon’s Role in Shaping Healthcare Delivery
Amazon’s recent foray into the healthcare sector marks a significant shift in the landscape of pharmacy services, posing a formidable challenge to established giants like Walgreens and CVS. As the e-commerce behemoth continues to diversify its portfolio, its strategic moves in healthcare are poised to reshape how consumers access and manage their health needs. This development is not merely a business expansion but a potential transformation of healthcare delivery, leveraging Amazon’s technological prowess and logistical expertise.
The company’s entry into the healthcare market is not entirely unexpected, given its history of disrupting traditional industries. Amazon’s acquisition of PillPack in 2018 was an early indication of its intentions to penetrate the pharmacy sector. PillPack, a service that simplifies medication management by delivering pre-sorted doses to customers’ doors, provided Amazon with a foothold in the pharmaceutical distribution network. This acquisition laid the groundwork for Amazon Pharmacy, which launched in 2020, offering prescription medications with the convenience of home delivery, competitive pricing, and integration with Amazon Prime.
Amazon’s healthcare strategy is multifaceted, aiming to address various aspects of healthcare delivery. By capitalizing on its vast data resources and advanced technology, Amazon is well-positioned to offer personalized healthcare solutions. The company’s ability to analyze consumer data allows it to tailor services and products to individual needs, enhancing the customer experience. Furthermore, Amazon’s robust logistics network ensures efficient distribution, reducing wait times and improving accessibility for patients who may have difficulty reaching traditional pharmacies.
In addition to its pharmacy services, Amazon has ventured into telehealth with the launch of Amazon Care. This service provides virtual healthcare consultations, enabling patients to connect with healthcare professionals from the comfort of their homes. The integration of telehealth with pharmacy services creates a seamless healthcare experience, where patients can receive medical advice and have prescriptions delivered without leaving their homes. This model not only enhances convenience but also addresses the growing demand for remote healthcare solutions, a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The implications of Amazon’s healthcare strategy for Walgreens and CVS are profound. These traditional pharmacy chains have long dominated the market, relying on their extensive physical presence and established customer base. However, Amazon’s entry introduces a new level of competition, challenging these companies to innovate and adapt to changing consumer expectations. Walgreens and CVS must now contend with a competitor that offers a compelling combination of convenience, competitive pricing, and technological integration.
To remain competitive, Walgreens and CVS are likely to invest in digital transformation and expand their own telehealth services. They may also explore partnerships and acquisitions to enhance their technological capabilities and improve customer engagement. However, the challenge lies in matching Amazon’s scale and efficiency, which are difficult to replicate.
In conclusion, Amazon’s new healthcare strategy represents a significant threat to traditional pharmacy chains like Walgreens and CVS. By leveraging its technological expertise and logistical infrastructure, Amazon is poised to redefine healthcare delivery, offering consumers greater convenience and personalized services. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the ability of established players to adapt and innovate will determine their success in this increasingly competitive market. The future of pharmacy is being reshaped, and Amazon is at the forefront of this transformation, setting new standards for how healthcare services are delivered and experienced.
Comparing Amazon’s Healthcare Strategy with Walgreens and CVS
Amazon’s foray into the healthcare sector has been marked by strategic moves that could potentially disrupt traditional players like Walgreens and CVS. As the e-commerce giant continues to expand its reach, its healthcare strategy is becoming increasingly sophisticated, posing a significant threat to established pharmacy chains. To understand the implications of Amazon’s strategy, it is essential to compare it with the approaches of Walgreens and CVS, two of the most prominent names in the industry.
Amazon’s entry into healthcare began with the acquisition of PillPack in 2018, a move that signaled its intent to revolutionize the pharmacy business. PillPack’s innovative model, which simplifies medication management for patients with chronic conditions, aligns with Amazon’s focus on customer convenience and efficiency. This acquisition allowed Amazon to leverage its vast logistics network to deliver medications directly to consumers’ doorsteps, thereby bypassing the traditional brick-and-mortar pharmacy experience. In contrast, Walgreens and CVS have long relied on their extensive physical store networks to serve customers, a model that may be increasingly challenged by Amazon’s digital-first approach.
Moreover, Amazon’s healthcare strategy is not limited to pharmacy services. The company has been investing in telehealth and primary care services, as evidenced by its launch of Amazon Care. This service offers virtual and in-person healthcare options, providing a comprehensive solution that integrates seamlessly with Amazon’s existing ecosystem. By offering a holistic healthcare experience, Amazon is positioning itself as a one-stop-shop for consumers’ medical needs. On the other hand, Walgreens and CVS have also been expanding their healthcare services, with both companies investing in clinics and partnerships with healthcare providers. However, their efforts are often constrained by the need to integrate these services within their existing store infrastructure, which may not offer the same level of flexibility as Amazon’s digital platform.
Furthermore, Amazon’s use of data analytics and artificial intelligence gives it a competitive edge in personalizing healthcare services. The company’s ability to analyze vast amounts of consumer data allows it to tailor its offerings to individual needs, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. In comparison, while Walgreens and CVS have made strides in utilizing data to improve their services, they may not possess the same level of technological expertise or resources as Amazon. This disparity could widen as Amazon continues to innovate and refine its healthcare offerings.
Additionally, Amazon’s pricing strategy poses a significant challenge to traditional pharmacy chains. By leveraging its scale and operational efficiencies, Amazon can offer competitive pricing on medications and healthcare services. This pricing advantage is particularly appealing to cost-conscious consumers, who may be more inclined to switch from established pharmacies to Amazon’s platform. Walgreens and CVS, with their higher overhead costs associated with maintaining physical stores, may find it difficult to match Amazon’s pricing without compromising their profit margins.
In conclusion, Amazon’s healthcare strategy, characterized by its focus on convenience, technology, and competitive pricing, presents a formidable challenge to Walgreens and CVS. As Amazon continues to expand its presence in the healthcare sector, traditional pharmacy chains must adapt and innovate to remain competitive. While Walgreens and CVS have taken steps to enhance their healthcare offerings, they face significant hurdles in matching Amazon’s digital prowess and operational efficiency. The evolving landscape of the healthcare industry will undoubtedly be shaped by Amazon’s strategic moves, compelling established players to rethink their approaches in order to thrive in this new era of healthcare delivery.
Strategic Moves by Amazon in Healthcare: A Threat to Established Players
Amazon’s foray into the healthcare sector has been marked by strategic moves that signal a significant shift in the industry landscape, posing a formidable challenge to established players like Walgreens and CVS. The e-commerce giant’s entry into healthcare is not merely a diversification of its business portfolio but a calculated strategy to leverage its technological prowess and vast logistical network to disrupt traditional healthcare models. This development is particularly concerning for established pharmacy chains, which have long dominated the market with their extensive physical presence and customer loyalty.
Amazon’s healthcare strategy began to take shape with its acquisition of PillPack in 2018, a move that underscored its intent to enter the prescription drug market. PillPack’s innovative approach to packaging and delivering medications directly to consumers’ doors provided Amazon with a foothold in the pharmaceutical distribution sector. This acquisition was a clear indication of Amazon’s ambition to streamline the medication delivery process, making it more convenient for consumers and challenging the traditional pharmacy model that relies heavily on in-store visits.
Building on this foundation, Amazon launched Amazon Pharmacy in 2020, further solidifying its presence in the healthcare market. By integrating pharmacy services into its existing e-commerce platform, Amazon has made it easier for consumers to order prescription medications online, often at competitive prices. This integration not only enhances customer convenience but also allows Amazon to tap into its vast customer base, offering personalized healthcare solutions and leveraging data analytics to optimize service delivery. Consequently, this poses a direct threat to Walgreens and CVS, which must now contend with a competitor that can offer similar services with the added advantage of Amazon’s logistical efficiency and technological innovation.
Moreover, Amazon’s strategic partnerships and investments in telehealth services have expanded its reach in the healthcare sector. The launch of Amazon Care, a virtual healthcare service, exemplifies the company’s commitment to providing comprehensive healthcare solutions. By offering telehealth consultations and home visits, Amazon Care addresses the growing demand for accessible and convenient healthcare services, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This move not only enhances Amazon’s healthcare offerings but also challenges traditional healthcare providers to innovate and adapt to changing consumer preferences.
In addition to these initiatives, Amazon’s focus on healthcare technology and data analytics positions it as a formidable competitor in the industry. The company’s expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning enables it to develop innovative solutions that can improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare processes. By harnessing the power of data, Amazon can offer personalized healthcare recommendations, optimize supply chain management, and enhance the overall efficiency of healthcare delivery. This technological edge is a significant advantage over traditional pharmacy chains, which may struggle to match Amazon’s capabilities in this area.
As Amazon continues to expand its healthcare offerings, Walgreens and CVS face the challenge of adapting to a rapidly changing market environment. To remain competitive, these established players must innovate and leverage their strengths, such as their extensive physical presence and established customer relationships. However, the pressure to evolve is mounting, as Amazon’s strategic moves in healthcare continue to reshape the industry landscape. In conclusion, Amazon’s new healthcare strategy represents a significant threat to traditional pharmacy chains, compelling them to rethink their business models and embrace innovation to maintain their market position.
Q&A
1. **What is Amazon’s new healthcare strategy?**
Amazon’s new healthcare strategy involves expanding its telehealth services, acquiring healthcare companies, and integrating pharmacy services to create a comprehensive healthcare ecosystem.
2. **How does Amazon’s strategy threaten Walgreens and CVS?**
Amazon’s strategy threatens Walgreens and CVS by offering convenient, cost-effective healthcare and pharmacy services online, potentially drawing customers away from traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
3. **What acquisitions has Amazon made to bolster its healthcare strategy?**
Amazon has acquired companies like PillPack, a pharmacy service, and One Medical, a primary care provider, to enhance its healthcare offerings.
4. **What role does technology play in Amazon’s healthcare strategy?**
Technology is central to Amazon’s strategy, leveraging its expertise in logistics, data analytics, and cloud computing to streamline healthcare services and improve patient experiences.
5. **How might Amazon’s entry into healthcare affect pricing?**
Amazon’s entry could lead to more competitive pricing in the healthcare market, as its scale and efficiency may allow it to offer lower prices than traditional providers.
6. **What are the potential benefits for consumers with Amazon’s healthcare services?**
Consumers may benefit from increased convenience, lower costs, and improved access to healthcare services through Amazon’s integrated platform.
7. **What challenges might Amazon face in implementing its healthcare strategy?**
Amazon may face regulatory hurdles, competition from established healthcare providers, and the challenge of building trust with consumers in the sensitive healthcare sector.
Conclusion
Amazon’s new healthcare strategy, which includes initiatives like Amazon Pharmacy, telehealth services through Amazon Care, and the acquisition of healthcare companies such as PillPack and One Medical, poses a significant threat to traditional pharmacy chains like Walgreens and CVS. By leveraging its vast logistics network, technological expertise, and customer base, Amazon is well-positioned to disrupt the healthcare market by offering more convenient, cost-effective, and integrated healthcare solutions. This could lead to increased competition for Walgreens and CVS, forcing them to innovate and adapt to maintain their market share. As Amazon continues to expand its healthcare offerings, it could potentially reshape consumer expectations and the overall landscape of the healthcare industry.
